四种引进椴在大连的春季抗寒机制分析
陈美谕，徐程扬，李金航，袁 振

北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室，干旱、半干旱地区森林培育和森林生态系统国家林业局重点实验室，北京 100083

北美椴;抗寒;生理指标;结构指标;差异分析

Analysis on cold-resistance mechanisms of four exotic Linden species during spring in Dalian
CHEN Meiyu, XU Chengyang, LI Jinhang, YUAN Zhen

Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem in Arid and Semi-arid of State Forestry Administration Beijing Forest University, Beijing 100083, China

North American Lindens; cold resistance; physiological index; structural index;variation analysis

DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2017.06.004

备注

以四种引进椴：欧洲小叶椴Tilia cordata、欧洲大叶椴Tilia platyphylla、银椴Tilia tomentosa 和美洲椴Tilia america 的幼树枝条为材料，分别于幼树生长的萌芽期和叶片伸展期，采用室内等速降温试验法，通过研究枝条生理指标变化特征以及枝条解剖形态特征与半致死温度的关系，探寻早春时节四种引进椴的抗寒能力差异及抗寒机理。研究结果表明：四种椴树进行抗寒调节的形态和生理指标随处理温度的改变而发生不同变化，是引起其抗寒能力差异的主要原因。萌芽期引进椴对可溶性糖、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的调控能力是影响植株抗寒力的重要因素，而在展叶期，椴树的抗寒力则主要受结构指标以及丙二醛含量的影响。此外，四种北美引进椴的抗寒能力在不同物候期存在显著差异（p ＜ 0.05），其中，银椴在萌芽期的抗寒能力最强，而美洲椴在展叶期的抗寒能力最强。欧洲小叶椴、欧洲大叶椴、银椴和美洲椴在萌芽期的半致死温度分别为-15.1 ℃、-17.4 ℃、-23.0℃和-20.8℃，在展叶期则分别为6.0 ℃、4.7 ℃、5.5 ℃和4.3 ℃。结合大连地区两个物候期时的气候状况，对引种椴早春防寒工作提出如下建议：在萌芽期，引种椴受冻害概率较低，相应防寒措施应重点集中于展叶期进行。

The objective of our research is to evaluate the cold tolerance differences and the coldresistance mechanism of four exoticTilia species (Tilia cordata, Tilia platyphylla, Tilia america and Tilia tomentosa) in early spring. Branches at the bud bursting periodand the leave outspreading period were used under the laboratory cooling test. And the relationships between LT50 and physiological andanatomical characteristics were investigated. Results showed that the anti-cold regulating factors altered as the temperature changed,which was the main cause of the cold hardiness differences among the four genotypes. The regulation of the content of soluble sugar,proline and MDA was the major factor influencing the cold resistance at the bud bursting period. While at the leave outspreading period,cold hardiness was mainly influenced by lignification indicators and MDA relative variation. Moreover, there was a significant difference(p ＜ 0.05) in the cold hardiness among the four genotypes in both periods. Tilia tomentosa was the most resistant genotype during thebud bursting period while Tilia america performed a stronger anti-cold ability at the later period. At the bud bursting period, the chillinginjury temperature of Tilia cordata, Tilia platyphylla, Tilia america and Tilia tomentosa was -15.1 ℃、-17.4 ℃、-23.0 ℃、-20.8℃ ,respectively, and 6.0 ℃、4.7 ℃、5.5 ℃ and 4.3 ℃ , respectively at the leave outspreading period. Considering the temperature situationat the two periods in Dalian, it is suggested that, there may not be freezing injury events at the bud bursting period, and measurementsfor preventing Linden trees from freezing or cold-induced injury should be implemented before the leave outspreading period.