高强耐水 PVA/淀粉木材胶黏剂的制备与性能表征
张新荔 1，吴义强 1，2，胡云楚 1，刘晓梅 1

1.中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院，湖南长沙 410004；2.竹业湖南省工程研究中心，湖南长沙 410004

聚乙烯醇;淀粉;木材胶黏剂;胶合强度;耐水性能

Preparation and characterization of high-strength and water-proof PVA / starch wood adhesive
ZHANG Xin-li1, WU Yi-qiang1,2, HU Yun-chu1, LIU Xiao-mei1

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China; 2. Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Bamboo Industry, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China

polyvinyl alcohol; starch; wood adhesive; bonding strength; water resistance

备注

聚乙烯醇 (PVA)用于胶合板制造具有粘接强度高、胶膜性能好等特性，但其耐水性较差。利用淀粉和硼砂改性制得了具有高强度耐水性能好的胶合板用 PVA/淀粉胶黏剂，研究了胶黏剂配方中 PVA与淀粉的配比、氧化剂和交联剂用量等因素对 PVA/淀粉胶黏剂胶合强度和耐水性能的影响规律。高强耐水 PVA/淀粉木材胶黏剂的较佳配方是，淀粉、过硫酸铵、硼砂用量分别为 PVA质量的 40%、0.3%和 0.2%～ 0.3%，双氧水用量占淀粉质量的 4%～ 5%。该胶黏剂制备的杨木胶合板的开胶时间为 24 h，胶合强度达到 4.73 MPa，达到室内用Ⅱ类胶合板的性能标准。红外光谱、 X射线衍射及热重分析的结果表明， PVA与淀粉之间形成了交联结构，使得胶黏剂具有较高的耐水性和热稳定性。

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) adhesive has high bonding strength and good film properties, but its water-soluble limits the application. A kind of PVA/starch adhesive with high binding strength and water resistance for plywood was obtained from PVA modified with starch and borax. The influence laws of adhesive formula including mass ratio of PVA and starch, contents of oxidant and cross-linking agent on the binding strength and water resistance were investigated. The optimum formulation of the adhesive is as follows: the dosage of starch, ammonium persulfate and borax were 40%, 0.3%, and 0.2%～ 0.3% of the amount of PVA respectively, and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide was 4%～ 5% of starch. The binding strength of three-layer poplar plywood glued with the adhesive reached 4.73 MPa, and the poplar plywood could keep adhesion for 24 h in 25 ℃ water, measuring up to the Ⅱ type indoor plywood performance standards. The results of FTIR, XRD, and TGA show that a cross-linked structure was formed between PVA and starch, which led the adhesive having high water resistance and thermal stability.