基金项目:贵州喀斯特地区石漠化综合治理监测评价指标体系与监测示范 (黔科合 0Z字 [2009]2);贵州省公益林可持续经营技术研究创新能力建设(编号 :黔科合院所创能 [2009]4002)
作者简介:周玮 (1982-),女,贵州盘县人,博士,从事森林土壤生态研究; E-mail: zhwei1982802@126.com通讯作者:朱军 (1962-),上海人,研究员,从事森林土壤及“ 3S”技术研究; E-mail: zhujun8821@vip.163.com
采用环刀法测定了杠寨小流域 5种植被类型下土壤的水分物理特性。结果 表明:( 1)随着土层的增加,土壤密度增加,渗透系数减小,火棘灌丛土壤密度( 1.24 g/cm3)最大,华山松马尾松混交林土壤密度(1.04 g/cm3)最小;华山松林渗透系数最大,为 7.17 m/d,麻栎林渗透系数最小 (2.2 m/d)。(2)杠寨小流域土壤的总孔隙度在 50%左右,麻栎林及火棘灌丛毛管孔隙度所占比例最小,仅占总孔隙度的 1/10,针叶林的非毛管孔隙度相对较大,占总孔隙度的 1/5以上。( 3)不同植被类型下土壤的现有含水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量及田间持水量表现出相同的规律,即华山松林 >马尾松林 >火棘灌丛 >华山松马尾松混交林 >麻栎林。马尾松华山松混交林中土壤的蓄水、排水能力均最好,分别为 165.00 t/hm2及 203.33 t/hm2;火棘灌丛蓄水能力最差,仅为 84.67 t/hm2,麻栎林排水能力最差,为 92.18 t/hm2。
The soil physical characteristics and water conservation characteristics of different vegetation types in Gangzhai small watershed were measured by cutting ring method. The test results show that(1) With the increase of soil layer depth, the soil density raised and the permeability coefficient decreased,the soil density in the shrub of Pyracantha fortuneana reached the maximum (1.24 g/cm3), that of the mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and Pinus armandii was reduced the minimum (1.04 g/cm3). The permeability coefficient of Pinus armandii was the maximum (7.17 m/d) and that of Quercus acutissima was the minimum (2.2 m/d). (2) The total capillary porosity in Gangzhai small watershed was about 50%, the capillary porosity of Quercus acutissima and shrub of Pyracantha fortuneana accounted for the least, being 1/10 of total capillary porosity,the non-capillary porosity of coniferous forest was relative large, accounted for over 1/5 of total capillary porosity. (3) The regularity of water content, max water content, capillary water content and field water content in different vegetation types were accordant each other, they ordered from big to small as PA>PM>PF>PMA>QA. The water storage capacity and drainage capacity in PMA was the best (165.00 t/hm2 and 203.33 t/hm2). The water storage capacity in PF was the worst (84.67 t/hm2). The drainage capacity in QA was the worst (92.18 t/hm2).